IPA takes a little while to get used to, but once you get it, it’s easy to understand!Ĭopright (c) 2011 by Ben Trawick-Smith. Again, it’s a bit similar to the “ u” in Japanese. Like / ɤ/above, this is very rare in English and other languages. Like /u/ above, except the lips are NOT rounded. Extremely rare in English and most other languages for that matter. Like /o/ above except the lips are NOT rounded. Like /ʉ/ above, except the lips are not rounded. It is like the “oo” in Standard American “goose,” except with the tongue drawn further forward in the mouth. This is the “oo” sound in “goose” as it is pronounced in many London dialects, California English and many Scottish dialects. This is a fairly common sound in English, but requires a bit of explanation. Like ɘ above, except with the lips rounded. Like /ə/ above, except with the tongue very slightly higher in the mouth. Like /ɜ/ above, except the lips are rounded. The middle of the tongue is placed more or less in the middle of the mouth, and the lips are unrounded. This sound is like /a/ described above, except with the tongue very slightly higher in the mouth.Ī bit like the “ur” in “nurse” in standard british English. The “u” in “Strut” in many modern British dialects. Possibly the “ur” in “nurse” in very strong Cockney accents. Like the “eh” in “bet,” except with the lips rounded (like above, only with the tongue a bit lower). The “ur” in “nurse” in strong New Zealand accents. Like the “eh” in “bet,” except with the lips rounded. Some London and Scottish accents use this to pronounce “Goose.” Like the “ i” in American English “k it”, except with the lips rounded. Can be heard in a few Scottish dialects in the word “g oose.” This is also the “ u” in French “t u.” Like the “ ee” in American English “fl eece” except with the lips rounded. Then there are the less common, or less commonly-used symbols, which are as follows. The vowel in “g oose” in American English. The vowel in “F oot” or “c ould” in American English and Standard British English. Also, the first vowel in the dipthong “g oat” in American English. The “ ough” in “th ought” in many modern British accents. The “ oa” in “G oat” in many Irish Accents. The “ u” in “Str ut” in American English. The “ ough” in “Th ought” in Standard British and some American accents. The “ ough” in “th ought” in Standard American English The “ o” in “l ot” in most British dialects. The “ a” in “f ather” in most American and British accents. This is the lax, neutral sound in American and British “comm a” or “ afraid.” It is called the Schwa. The first sound in the American English dipthong “k ite” “ a” in Scottish English “f ather” or “ a” in Italian and Spanish. The “ e” in “Dr ess” in most American and British dialects. Also, the first vowel in the dipthong “f ace” in American English. The “ e” in “B et” in Australian English. The “i” in “K it” in American & most British dialects The “ ee” in “Fl eece” in most varieties of English. You will encounter these somewhat less commonly in English. The second group of vowels are “other” vowels. The first group are “ basic” vowel sounds–these are the sounds you most frequently hear in dialects of the English language. I’ve going break these symbols up into two groups. It won’t take that long for this weird alphabet to be like second nature. When you first start reading the IPA, I would recommend consulting this chart as much as possible, as well as looking at the standard IPA chart. And for a more detailed tutorial of the International Phonetic Alphabet, go here.) (For a quick guide to IPA Consonant symbols, go here. Below is a list of all the vowel symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet, with an explanation of where you can hear these sounds in different words, dialects and languages.
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